This book reviews the current practices of traditional musics in various cultures of all continents, and examines the impact and significance of traditional musics in the modern world. A diverse group of experts of musicology and music education collaborate to expose the current practices and challenges of transmission and evolution of traditional musics. This volume contains three main sections: transmission, authenticity and evolution, and challenges in future. Based on the chapters, the editor proposes four major trends of transmission of traditional musics, namely, formalisation, politicisation, Westernisation and modernisation.