A main focus of discussion when conducting both pre and post-lesson conferences should be on learning and teaching. In Unit 3 we concentrate directly on asking whether the pupils have learnt anything from their lesson and whether, if they did, it was really worth learning. Novice and beginning teachers often focus on making sure that their lessons will appear interesting, perhaps also entertaining, by using a variety of teaching aids. This can be positive in helping to increase pupil motivation and gaining pupil attention, but it is only of value if the content of the lesson is actually learnt and it is worth learning. Sometimes what is leant is trivial or irrelevant to the pupils’ learning needs in one way or another. Unit 4 focuses on the relationship between intended learning outcomes and the methods used to achieve them.