Page 28 - Monograph201601
P. 28
What is the Current Landscape
of Schooling and How Does It Challenge
Current Educational Leadership
Research Methodologies?
Complexity of Schools: between and among a growing circle of
Systems and Structures stakeholders within the school and
between government, employers, and
Murphy (2015) examined the evolution communities clearly support the
of education from the industrial era in view that schooling is no longer seen
the USA (1890 ??1920) to the post as a closed system. It is both a closed
industrial era from the 1980s. He and open system (Leithwood and Day,
concluded that post?ndustrial school 2007; Darling?ammond, 2010;
organizations have fundamentally Hargreaves and Shirley, 2009).
shifted in roles, relationships, and Leithwood and Day (2007), state that
responsibilities. The shift is seen in ?chools are dynamic organizations, and
blurring of distinctions between change in ways that cannot be
administrators and teachers; general predicted??as they reviewed leadership
(expanded) roles instead of studies from eight different countries.
specialization where specialization is Open systems are ? system in
no longer held in high regard as exchange of a matter with its
compared to the industrial era, greater environment??(Von Bertalanffy, 1968, p.
flexibility and adaptability. In terms of 141). Schools as an open system are
structures, the traditional hierarchical therefore seen as part of a much larger
organization structures are giving way network rather than an independent,
to structures that are flatter. self?tanding entity.
This shift in roles, relationships, and
responsibilities has also contributed to
the increasingly complexity of schools.
The involvement (direct and indirect)
214
